Search results for "RNA Transport"
showing 10 items of 24 documents
To move or not to move: roles and specificity of plant RNA mobility
2020
Intercellular communication in plants coordinates cellular functions during growth and development, and in response to environmental cues. RNAs figure prominently among the mobile signaling molecules used. Many hundreds of RNA species move over short and long distances, and can be mutually exchanged in biotic interactions. Understanding the specificity determinants of RNA mobility and the physiological relevance of this phenomenon are areas of active research. Here, we highlight the recent progress in our knowledge of small RNA and messenger RNA movement. Particular emphasis is given to novel insight into the specificity determinants of messenger RNA mobility, the role of small RNA movement…
A role for Mog1 in H2Bub1 and H3K4me3 regulation affecting RNAPII transcription and mRNA export.
2018
17 páginas, 12 figuras.
A predominantly glial origin of axonal ribosomes after nerve injury
2017
Axonal mRNA transport and local protein synthesis are crucial for peripheral axon regeneration. To date, it remains unclear how ribosomes localize to axons. They may be co-transported with mRNAs or, as suggested by recent studies, transferred from Schwann cells (SC). Here, we generated transgenic "RiboTracker" mice expressing tdTomato-tagged ribosomal protein L4 in specific cell types when crossed with Cre lines. Two neuronal RiboTracker-Cre lines displayed extremely low levels of axonal L4-tdTomato-positive ribosomes. In contrast, two glial RiboTracker-Cre lines revealed tagged ribosomes in sciatic nerve (SN) axons with increasing amounts after injury. Furthermore, non-RiboTracker dorsal r…
Experimental virus evolution reveals a role of plant microtubule dynamics and TORTIFOLIA1/SPIRAL2 in RNA trafficking.
2014
1 tabla y 2 figuras
Live cell imaging of duplex siRNA intracellular trafficking.
2015
Intracellular distribution of siRNA after in vitro transfection typically depends on lipopolyplexes, which must release the siRNA into the cytosol. Here, the fate of siRNAs was monitored by FRET-based live cell imaging. Subsequent to in situ observation of uptake and release processes, this approach allowed the observation of a number of hitherto uncharacterized intracellular distribution and degradation processes, commencing with a burst of endosomal releases, followed, in some cases, by fast siRNA influx into the nucleus. The continued observation of intact siRNA against a background of free fluorophores resulting from advanced degradation was possible by a specifically developed imaging …
Kinetic models for nucleocytoplasmic transport of messenger RNA
1995
Abstract Much is known about the mechanism by which mRNAs cross the nuclear envelope (the translocation stage of nucleocytoplasmic transport), but far less is known about the preceding (intranuclear migration/release) and succeeding (cytoplasmic binding) stages. Therefore, existing information suffices for articulating detailed kinetic models of translocation, but not models for the overall mRNA transport process. In this paper, we show that simple kinetic models of translocation can (i) accommodate date about nucleocytoplasmic distributions of endogenous transcripts; (ii) predict the overall effects on these distributions of effectors such as insulin and epidermal growth factor; (iii) thro…
Activation of oligodendroglial Fyn kinase enhances translation of mRNAs transported in hnRNP A2-dependent RNA granules.
2008
Central nervous system myelination requires the synthesis of large amounts of myelin basic protein (MBP) at the axon–glia contact site. MBP messenger RNA (mRNA) is transported in RNA granules to oligodendroglial processes in a translationally silenced state. This process is regulated by the trans-acting factor heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A2 binding to the cis-acting A2 response element (A2RE). Release of this repression of MBP mRNA translation is thus essential for myelination. Mice deficient in the Src family tyrosine kinase Fyn are hypomyelinated and contain reduced levels of MBP. Here, we identify hnRNP A2 as a target of activated Fyn in oligodendrocytes. We show that…
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) F is a novel component of oligodendroglial RNA transport granules contributing to regulation of myeli…
2011
Myelin basic protein (MBP) is a major component of central nervous system (CNS) myelin. The absence of MBP results in the loss of almost all compact myelin in the CNS. MBP mRNA is sorted into RNA granules that are transported to the periphery of oligodendrocytes in a translationally inactive state. A central mediator of this transport process is the trans-acting factor heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A2 that binds to the cis-acting A2-response element in the 3′UTR of MBP mRNA. Recently, we found that activation of the Src family nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Fyn in oligodendrocytes leads to phosphorylation of hnRNP A2 and to increased translation of MBP mRNA. Here, we identify…
Modulation of the nuclear-envelope nucleoside triphosphatase by poly(A)-rich mRNA and by microtubule protein.
1982
Nuclear envelopes contain a nucleoside triphosphatase which is thought to be involved in the supply of energy for nucleo-cytoplasmic RNA transport. This enzyme is stimulated most efficiently by poly(A) and to a lesser extent by poly(G) and poly(dT). Half-maximal stimulation of the enzyme from rat liver nuclei, which was associated with the poly(A)-specific endoribonuclease IV and was free from poly(A) polymerase and endoribonuclease V activity, was determined to occur at a concentration of 1.1 × 106 poly(A) molecules/nuclear ghost. Double-reciprocal plot analyses revealed a 2.8-fold stimulation of the enzyme by poly(A). Poly(A) in the hybrid form had no influence on the activity of the nucl…
Differential effect of insulin and epidermal growth factor on the mRNA translocation system and transport of specific poly(A+) mRNA and poly(A-) mRNA…
1990
The efficiency of efflux of rapidly labeled poly(A)-containing mRNA from isolated rat liver nuclei was found to be modulated by insulin and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in a biphasic but opposite way. At physiological concentrations (10 pM insulin and 1 pM EGF), maximal stimulation of the transport rate by insulin (to 137%) and maximal inhibition by EGF (to 69%) were obtained; at higher concentrations (greater than 100 pM and greater than 10 pM, respectively), the amount of poly(A)-containing mRNA released into the postnuclear supernatant was nearly identical with the level found in untreated nuclei (= 100%). Using mRNA entrapped into closed nuclear envelope (NE) vesicles as a model system…